Perspective of incorporating GIS in waste collection in informal settlement to combat illegal dumping: South African context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18227007Keywords:
GIS, Waste management municipality, Informal settlement, South AfricaAbstract
Illegal dumping remains a persistent waste-management challenge globally, particularly in informal settlements of developing countries where municipal service delivery is inconsistent. In South Africa, inadequate and irregular waste collection has intensified the proliferation of uncontrolled dumping sites, creating substantial economic, social and environmental risks. This review synthesises existing empirical studies, policy documents and municipal case examples to examine the drivers of illegal dumping and evaluate the potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to strengthen waste-management practices. A narrative review approach was adopted, drawing on literature sourced from Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science using search terms related to illegal dumping, GIS and informal settlements. Findings indicate that although GIS has been successfully applied internationally for hotspot detection, route optimisation and spatial monitoring of waste flows, its adoption in South Africa remains limited by insufficient datasets, technical capacity constraints, financial barriers and fragmented institutional coordination. Substantial disparities in waste-collection services between formal and informal settlements further exacerbate illegal dumping trends. The review identifies key opportunities for integrating low-cost, context-appropriate GIS tools to improve service delivery, facilitate proactive intervention and support evidence-based planning. Policy recommendations include establishing integrated geodatabases for informal settlements, expanding community-based reporting mechanisms and adopting GIS-enabled routing systems. Future research should prioritise predictive modelling of illegal dumping patterns and empirical assessments of GIS implementation across South African municipalities.
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